Which type of system is typically utilized by middle-level managers to support decision-making?

Middle-level managers typically utilize a Decision Support System (DSS) to aid in their decision-making processes. A DSS is designed to assist in the analysis of data and provide support for complex decision-making and problem-solving tasks. It allows managers to analyze data from various sources, often incorporating models and analytical tools that help in evaluating different scenarios before making informed decisions.

The DSS provides flexibility and the ability to simulate various outcomes based on different input variables, which is particularly beneficial for managers who need to make strategic decisions based on dynamic and complex information. This capability to dissect and analyze large amounts of data enables middle-level managers to understand implications, assess risks, and forecast outcomes, empowering them to make decisions that align with the organizational goals.

In contrast, other system types, such as Executive Support Systems (ESS), are more suited for upper management, as they provide high-level summarization and strategic insights rather than detailed analytical support. Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) focus on the generation and integration of knowledge, which typically caters to professionals generating new content rather than making day-to-day management decisions. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) handle routine operations and are primarily concerned with the processing of data related to transactions rather than the analytical support needed for decision-making at the managerial level.