Which statement best describes a ring network topology?

A ring network topology is characterized by devices being connected in a closed-loop configuration where each device connects to exactly two others, creating a continuous pathway for data transmission. This means that data travels around the ring in one direction from one device to the next until it reaches its destination. This structure enables each device to act as a repeater, helping to maintain the strength of the signal as it moves through the network.

In contrast, when considering the other options, a star formation describes a topology where all devices connect to a single central hub or switch, which is quite different from a ring. A linear format implies that devices are arranged in a straight line, which does not encompass the closed-loop characteristic of a ring topology. Lastly, the description of all devices communicating with multiple pathways pertains more to a mesh topology, which provides redundancy and alternative routes for data transmission, as opposed to the singular pathway found in a ring structure. Thus, the correct answer encapsulates the fundamental design principles of a ring network.