Which protocol was developed by the Department of Defense in 1972 for internet communications?

The protocol developed by the Department of Defense in 1972 for internet communications is TCP/IP. This protocol suite, which stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, served as the foundational framework for how data is transmitted across networks and is integral to the functioning of the internet.

TCP/IP encompasses a set of rules that governs data exchange, allowing different types of computers and networks to communicate effectively. The development of TCP/IP represented a significant advancement in networking technology, enabling the creation of a robust and scalable structure for data transmission. Its adoption as the standard for internet communications laid the groundwork for the modern internet, allowing for a diverse range of applications and services.

This protocol is distinguished from others such as HTTP (used for web communications), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), and SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), which were developed later for specific functions within the broader framework established by TCP/IP. Thus, understanding TCP/IP's role is crucial for grasping the evolution of internet communications and the foundational elements that support network interoperability.