What is meant by a sub-system?

A sub-system refers to a smaller, component part of a larger system that works in conjunction with other sub-systems to fulfill a specific function or purpose within that broader context. This term is often used in systems thinking and management information systems, where complex systems are designed with various interconnected components.

By defining a sub-system as connected systems forming a larger structure, it highlights the idea that while each sub-system has its specific role, it also relies on collaboration and interaction with other sub-systems to achieve overall system goals. This interconnectedness is crucial for maintaining the efficiency, functionality, and success of the entire system.

For example, in an information system, sub-systems may include modules for data input, data processing, and data output, all of which must work together to provide meaningful information to users. This framing helps to understand the hierarchical nature of systems where components are interdependent, allowing for a more organized structure and effective operation.